Liquid fuel burner



1934- R. M. SHERMAN Er AL 1,976,041

LIQUID FUEL BURNER Fild Oct. 17. 1930 Iaweawior:

120222652? M 3592 222082 MMFWW ?atenied Oct. 9, 1934 UNITED STATES- LIQUID FUEL BURNER Rallston M. Sherman, Glastonbury, and Frederick F. Neumann, West Hartford, Conn., assignors to The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation,

Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application October 17,

4 Claims.

This invention relates to burners of the type supplied with oil or other kind of carbon fuel in liquid form, and more particularly to burners of the so-called combustion tube type, provided with one or more combustion chambers having perforated walls through which the air enters to mix with fuel vapor ascending from a fuel space, usually in the form of a fuel groove or trough beneath the chamber, the mixture being burned in the combustion chamber and a blue flame issuing from an upper open end thereof.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing showing one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing there is shown a central, sectional elevation of a burner employing one form of the invention.

Referring to the illustrative embodiment of the invention, while the latter is applicable to burners of widely varying types, it is there shown as applied to a combustion tube burner of the general type shown in patent to Sherman No. 1,676,223, dated July 3, 1928, a single burner unit only being here illustrated.

The illustrative burner comprises a base plate 1 having outer and inner concentric, annular, fuel grooves 3 and 5, the outer groove being formed between upright flanges 7 and 9 and the inner groove between upright flanges 11 and 13. The fuel grooves are separated by an annular space 15 forming an air passage through the plate. There is also a central opening 16 forming an inner air passage. Liquid fuel, which, for the purpose of description, may be referred to as oil, is delivered to the bottom of the inner groove by the supply pipe 17, the two grooves being connected by radial ducts formed in the webs connecting the flanges 9 and 11. Such ducts are not herein shown, but may be similar to those illustrated in the Sherman patent aforesaid. Asbestos or other wicks 18 are shown positioned in the grooves 3 and 5 for starting or preheating the burner in a manner well understood in this class of devices, combustion continuing after the burner has been preliminarily heated by the burning of the oil which is vaporized through contact with the heated walls of the bottom plate.

superposed on each fuel groove is a pair of spaced, perforated, cylindrical, concentri tubular wall members providing between the members of each pair an open-topped, annular combustion chamber to which the oil vapor ascends from 1930, Serial No. 439,493

the underlying fuel groove, and where it is mixed with air entering the perforated walls of the tubular members, the mixture burning Within the chamber and a blue flame issuing from the open top thereof.

These members comprise the outer pair 19 and 21 forming between them the combustion chamber 23 and the inner pair 25 and 2"? forming between them the combustion chamber 29. The cylinders 19 and 21 are seated on and fit over the outside of the shouldered upper edges of the flanges 7 and 9 and the cylinders 25 and 27 on the similarly shaped upper edges of the flanges 11 and 13, leaving between the i ier cylinder 2 of the outer pair and the outer cylinder 25 of the inner pair an annular air supply chamber 31. There is also provided within the inner cylinder 27 of the inner pair a central air chamber 33.

The top of the central air chamber 33 is provided with a cover plate 35 forming a closure for the upper end of that air chamber. The cover plate is preferably so applied to the tube 27 that it presents no walls projecting into or over the combustion chamber 29 such as would interfere with the free passage of heated gases therefrom. In the illustrative construction this is provided for by forming the periphery of the plate 35 so that it iits within the interior of the tube 2'7 and rests therein on the ends of a plurality of rivets 3'7 projecting inwardly from the cylinder 27 near the upper edge thereof.- The annular air chamber 31 is similarly provided with an annular cover plate 39, the underside of which is grooved near its inner edge to fit on the top of the cylinder 25, and the outer edge of which rests on a plurality of rivets 4,1 projecting inwardly near the upper edge of the cylinder 21, therebyforming a closure for the upper end of the air chamber 31 and without parts thereof projecting into or over the combustion chamber 23 interfering with the flow of heatedgases therefrom. The closure plates 35 and 39 may, if desired, be provided with one or more apertures to permit the partial escape of the air therethrough.

In burners of this type as heretofore constructed, the flame or heated gases leaving the upper ends of the combustion chambers tend to spread radially outward and to spread or dissipate the heat therefrom over a relatively wide area, and often under conditions where, best to suit the use to which the burner is put, the heat should be concentrated within a relatively smaller area. In heating a body placed directly over the burner, such, for example, as the stove lid 43 of a kitchen range, in the fire pot of which, as is commonly done, the burner has been installed, it is desirable that the heat should be concentrated beneath or directed toward the central portion of such a body.

To this end, the illustrated burner is provided with a deflector 45 for the heated gases emerging from the top of the combustion chamber 23 which tends to divert them from an outwardly flaring path, and herein to direct them inwardly and upwardly. This deflector is in the form of an annular plate having a grooved or shouldered bottom through which it rests on the upper edge of the outer cylinder 19 with an outer overlape ping depending flange 47. The walls of the deflector extend inwardly over and above the combustion chamber 23 for a sufficient distance to provide for the inward deflection of the heated gases. In the specific form of deflector illustrated, its lower walls are curved upwardly and inwardly over and beyond the inner limits of the combustion chamber 23, leaving a central opening for the escape of the gases, the edges of which are substantially above the outer wall 25 of the inner combustion chamber 29. The heated gases emerging from the combustion chamber 23 are thereby directed radially inward and upward, concentrating their heating effect more directly on the space above the center of the burner and adding their heating effect to that of the gases emerging from the inner combustion chamber 29.

In the illustrated form of the invention there is also provided a deflector 49 for the gases emerging from the inner combustion chamber 29 which also directs those gases inwardly as well as upwardly. While this might consist of a separate plate or member, herein it is formed as a part of the annular cover plate 39 for the air chamber 31, the walls of that plate being extended over and above the combustion chamber 29 at an upward inclination and tending to deflect the rising gases inwardly toward and over the cover plate and through the central opening formed by the inner edges of the deflecting walls 49, the edges of the cover plate 35 being so formed as to offer no impediment to the gases in that direction. Similarly the upper side of the cover plate 39 is shaped to cooperate with the under side of the deflector so as to assist and not impede the inward deflection of the gases from the outer combustion chamber.

Since the inward deflection of the gases from the inner combustion chamber 29 through the medium of the deflector 49, eventhough no outer deflector such as 45 is employed, will tend to draw inward the gases from the outer chamber 23, or at least to counteract in large measure the outward flare and dissipation of the gases from that chamber and assist in their concentration, and since the inward deflection of the gases from the outer chamber 23 through the medium of the deflector 45, even though no inner deflector such as 49 is employed, will tend to force inwardly the gases from the inner combustion chamber 25, either one or the other deflector alone may be utilized. Preferably, however, the heated gases emerging from both inner and outer chambers are deflected inwardly by the use of inner and outer deflecting devices, the latter mutually assisting one another in causing the heated gases from both chambers to be carried radially inward and upward in a natural and simple manner.

It will be observed that the provision of the substantially closed top 35 covering the central air space 33 produces what may well be termed a dead-space centrally of the base of the flame of the combustion burner. The gases directed inwardly and upwardly past the edges of this space by the deflector members, as indicated by the arrows, reduce the pressure thereat and are drawn centrally thereabove, which factor increases the desired concentration of the flame. Moreover, the extension of the deflector 45 beyond the inner limits of the combustion chamber 23, as

above mentioned, and also the extension of the deflector 49 beyond the inner limits of the combustion chamber 29, as shown, insures inward direction as any unbroken annulus of the entire stream of gases from the combustion chambers, while these features, in connection with the smooth non-interfering formation of the deflector members, provide a non-turbulent inwardly and upwardly flowing flame, assisting in its concentration and insur ng uniform combustion. In addition, the substantially closed top 35, the substantial closure of the top of the air space 31, and the mounting of the deflector 45 to prevent any substantial influx of air into the stream from the combustion chambers 23 and 29, further provides for non-turbulence of the flame and assists its concentration above the closure 35.

While we have herein shown and described for the purpose of illustration one specific embodiment of the invention and as applied to one particular type of burner, it is to be understood that extensive deviations may be made in the form and relative arrangement of parts, all without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that the latter is applicable to burners of widely varying types and constructions.

We claim:

1. In a combustion burner of the type having an inner annular fuel trough surrounding a central air opening, an outer annular fuel trough spaced from said inner fuel trough to provide an air passage therebetween, a perforated wall separating the combustion space above said inner fuel trough from the space above said central air opening, a second wall separating the combustion space above said inner fuel trough from the space above said air passage, and third and fourth walls at least one of which is perforated defining the combustion space above said outer ,fuel trough; a central cover plate covering the space above said central air opening, a closure annulus covering the air space defined by said second and third walls and provided with a deflector member extending inwardly above and over the combustion-space formed between said first and second walls, and a deflector member carried bysaid fourth wall extending upwardly and inwardly over the space between said third and fourth walls and extending beyond the inner limit of the space defined thereby, said central .cover plate and said deflectors cooperating to concentrate the flame of said burner above said central cover plate.

2. In a combustion burner of the type having an inner annular fuel trough s urrounding a central air opening, an outer annular fuel troughspaced from said inner fuel trough to provide above said'air passage, and third and fourth walls at least one of which is perforated defining the combustion space above said outer fuel trough; a central cover plate covering the air-space above iii) said central air opening, a closure annulus covering the air space defined by said second and third Walls, and a deflector extending upwardly and inwardly from the outer of the third and fourth walls defining the combustion space above said outer trough and extending beyond the inner limits or" the combustion space defined by said third and fourth walls, said central cover plate and said deflector cooperating to concentrate the flame or" said burner above said central cover plate.

3. A combustion tube burner having a base provided with inner and outer, spaced, annular, connected fuel grooves, pairs of spaced, perforated, concentric, vertically disposed, combustion tubes supported on said base and defining between them inner and outer combustion chambers having delivery openings at their upper ends for the products of combustion, said combustion chambers being above and communicating with said inner and outer fuel grooves, respectively, and forming also an intermediate air chamber between said combustion chambers and an inner air chamber within said inner tube, openings in said base for supplying air to said air chambers, and covering and flame deflecting means associated with the upper ends of said combustion tubes, the same comprising means for closing the upper ends of said central and said intermediate air chambers, a deflecting wall for deflecting from a vertical path the products of combustion delivered from said outer chamber, said wall extending over the said outer combustion chamber from the upper edge of one of the tubes defining said chamber and further comprising a deflecting wall extending from the edge of one of the tubes defining said inner combustion chamber and so related to the mouth of said inner combustion chamber as to deflect from a vertical path the products of combustion delivered therefrom.

4. A combustion tube burner having a base provided with inner and outer, spaced, annular, connected fuel grooves, pairs oi spaced, perforated, concentric, vertically disposed, combustion tubes supported on said base and defining between them inner and outer combustion chambers having delivery openings at their upper ends for the products of combustion, said combustion chambers being above and communicating with said inner and outer fuel grooves, respectively, and forming also an intermediate air chamber between said combustion chambers and an inner air chamber within said inner tube, openings in said base for supplying air to said air chambers, and covering and flame deflecting means associated with the upper ends of said combustion tube, the same comprising means for closing the upper ends of said central and said intermediate air chambers, a deflecting wall for deflecting inwardly the products of combustion delivered rom said outer combustion chamber, said Wall extending inwardly over said outer combustion chamber from the upper edge of the outer tube defining the outer combustion chamber and further comprising a deflecting wall for deflecting the products of combustion from said inner combustion chamber, said last named deflecting wall extending over said inner combustion chamber from the upper edge of one of the tubes defining said chamber.

RALLSTON M. SHERMAN. FREDERICK F. NEUMANN. 

